Component 1 A
In what ways do music videos encode viewpoints and ideologies? Make reference to Formation by Beyoncé and Riptide by Jack Vance. [30]
IDEOLOGY a belief/ opinion (producer + media language constructs ideologies in media products, to spread their beliefs and manipulate their audience)
USE CAMERA ANGLES/ SHOT TYPES
RIPTIDE - confusion, makes audience think, mixture of representations of women (pick and mix)
Women are vulnerable and weak-
- lowkey lighting suggests she is surrounded by darkness, horror film situation, intertextuality/referential code
- cant hold herself together - sings wrong lyrics, subtitles at bottom of screen
- smeared makeup - bad situation, having a breakdown
FORMATION - racism (post-colonialism), slavery, hurricane in New Orleans, embracing your roots
Beyonce represents black women in South America-
- independent and isolated standing on top of police car, polysemic
- independence and power suggested with her gesture, legs spread apart and fist in air, referential of Statue of Liberty
A) Media Language
Barthes - Semiotic codes (symbolic, hermeneutic, proairetic, referential)
Levi-Strauss - Structuralism / binary opposition (2 ideas being in conflict with each other to create narrative)
B) Representation
Hall - Representation + stereotypes (representation is a re-presentation of a group in society through media codes)
Gauntlett - Identity / pick and mix (audiences can pick and mix an ideology to suit them best)
Van Zoonen- Feminism Theory (women are only in the media for heterosexual men, 'male gaze')
hook- Feminism Theory ('feminism is for everyone' , the way men are represented can have a negative impact on them too)
Gilroy - Post-colonialism (media products can still follow colonial ideologies and enforce racial hierarchies)
Component 1 B
Explore the ways in which production, distribution and circulation have shaped the newspapers you have studied. Make reference to The Daily Mirror and The Times. [15]
C) Industry
Curran and Seaton - Power and Media Industries (the media is controlled by a small number of huge companies/conglomerates, which limits creativity and variety)
Livingstone and Lunt - Regulation (traditional approaches to media regulation are at risk)
Hesmondhalgh - Cultural Industries (media producers try to minimise risk and maximise audience through horizontal and vertical integration)
PRODUCTION how the producer makes the media product
DISTRIBUTION how the producer gives the product to the audience
CIRCULATION the number of copies printed
CONGLOMERATION when one company buys another one
THE DAILY MIRROR
TABLOID (more informal, smaller, easier to read, working class, larger headlines, doesn't require much previous knowledge, 50p, left wing/labour)
THE TIMES
BROADSHEET (formal, larger, takes longer to read, middle class, smaller headlines, assuming audience have knowledge and understanding beforehand, £1, right wing/conservative)
PRINT BASED VS ONLINE
ONLINE
Disadvantages (reliant on the internet, people don't get same experience, less regulation, less people employed)
Advantages (instant, convenient, allows newspaper companies to target newer audiences, can easily update as the news changes)
PRINT BASED
Disadvantages (inconvenient, very specific demographic, news can change within a few hours)
Advantages (people like having a physical copy, don't rely on the internet, employs lots more people)
ISPO regulates newspapers in the UK (newspapers can still twist the rules in their favour)
Component 2
To what extent has sociohistorical context influenced representations in the magazines you have studied? Make reference to both Adbusters and Woman. [30]
STRUCTURE
1) underline key terms, form an opinion
2) plan! (stereotypes, hegemony, objectification, semiotics, binary opposition, theorists, sexualisation)
3) introduction (define key words, argument, context)
4) paragraphs (point, example, explain, link back to question)
5) conclusion (sum up your argument)
